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一、pacemaker 是什么
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1.pacemaker 简单说明
2.pacemaker 由来
二、pacemaker 特点
三、pacemaker 内部结构
1.群集组件说明：
2.功能概述
四、centos6.x+pacemaker+corosync实现zabbix高可用
1、环境说明
五、安装pacemaker和corosync（各个节点均要运行）
1、前提条件各个节点完成主机解析工作。
2、各个节点的时间同步
3、各个节点完成互信工作
4、关闭防火墙与SELinux
5、安装pacemaker+corosync+pcs
六、配置corosync
1、设置变量
2、更改corosync配置文件
3.生成密钥文件
七、安装和配置cman
八、编辑cluster.conf
九、检查配置文件并开机自启
十、资源配置
十一、验证
十二、常用命令
十三、zabbix启动脚本
pacemaker(直译：心脏起搏器)，是一个群集资源管理器。它实现最大可用性群集服务（亦称资源管理）的节点和资源级故障检测和恢复使用您的首选集群基础设施（OpenAIS的或Heaerbeat）提供的消息和成员能力。
它可以做乎任何规模的集群，并配备了一个强大的依赖模型，使管理员能够准确地表达群集资源之间的关系（包括顺序和位置）。几乎任何可以编写脚本，可以管理作为心脏起搏器集群的一部分。
我再次说明一下，pacemaker是个资源管理器，不是提供心跳信息的，因为它似乎是一个普遍的误解，也是值得的。pacemaker是一个延续的CRM（亦称Heartbeat V2资源管理器），最初是为心跳，但已经成为独立的项目。
大家都知道，Heartbeat 到了V3版本后，拆分为多个项目，其中pacemaker就是拆分出来的资源管理器。
Heartbeat 3.0拆分之后的组成部分：
Heartbeat：将原来的消息通信层独立为heartbeat项目，新的heartbeat只负责维护集群各节点的信息以及它们之前通信；
Cluster Glue：相当于一个中间层，它用来将heartbeat和pacemaker关联起来，主要包含2个部分，即为LRM和STONITH。
Resource Agent：用来控制服务启停，监控服务状态的脚本集合，这些脚本将被LRM调用从而实现各种资源启动、停止、监控等等。
Pacemaker : 也就是Cluster Resource Manager （简称CRM），用来管理整个HA的控制中心，客户端通过pacemaker来配置管理监控整个集群。
主机和应用程序级别的故障检测和恢复
几乎支持任何冗余配置
同时支持多种集群配置模式
配置策略处理法定人数损失（多台机器失败时）
支持应用启动/关机顺序
支持，必须/必须在同一台机器上运行的应用程序
支持多种模式的应用程序（如主/从）
可以测试任何故障或群集的群集状态
stonithd：心跳系统。
lrmd：本地资源管理守护进程。它提供了一个通用的接口支持的资源类型。直接调用资源代理（脚本）。
pengine：政策引擎。根据当前状态和配置集群计算的下一个状态。产生一个过渡图，包含行动和依赖关系的列表。
CIB：群集信息库。包含所有群集选项，节点，资源，他们彼此之间的关系和现状的定义。同步更新到所有群集节点。
CRMD：集群资源管理守护进程。主要是消息代理的PEngine和LRM，还选举一个领导者（DC）统筹活动（包括启动/停止资源）的集群。
OpenAIS：OpenAIS的消息和成员层。
Heartbeat：心跳消息层，OpenAIS的一种替代。
CCM：共识群集成员，心跳成员层。
CMAN是红帽RHCS套件的核心部分，CCS是CMAN集群配置系统，配置cluster.conf，而cluster.conf其实就是openais的配置文件，通过CCS映射到openais。
CIB使用XML表示集群的集群中的所有资源的配置和当前状态。CIB的内容会被自动在整个集群中同步，使用PEngine计算集群的理想状态，生成指令列表，然后输送到DC（指定协调员）。Pacemaker 集群中所有节点选举的DC节点作为主决策节点。如果当选DC节点宕机，它会在所有的节点上， 迅速建立一个新的DC。DC将PEngine生成的策略，传递给其他节点上的LRMd（本地资源管理守护程序）或CRMD通过集群消息传递基础结构。当集群中有节点宕机，PEngine重新计算的理想策略。在某些情况下，可能有必要关闭节点，以保护共享数据或完整的资源回收。为此，Pacemaker配备了stonithd设备。STONITH可以将其它节点“爆头”，通常是实现与远程电源开关。Pacemaker会将STONITH设备，配置为资源保存在CIB中，使他们可以更容易地监测资源失败或宕机。
OS:Centos 6.7 x86_64 mini
APP: Pacemaker 1.1.15
LNMP+Zabbix 3.4.1
corosync+pcs+cman
IP ADDR:vip-192.168.8.47/20
zabbix01-192.168.8.61/20
zabbix02-192.168.8.63/20
zabbixdb-192.168.8.120/20
PS:IP地址需要根据个人具体环境配置，VIP和zabbix要在同一网段。
拓扑结构
PS：接下来会直接介绍pacemaker和corosync的安装和配置，关于zabbix+LNMP环境的部分请参考之前发表的“zabbix3.2编译安装”或“zabbix高可用”两篇文章。
vim /etc/hosts
# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.8.61 zabbix01.okooo.cn zabbix01
192.168.8.63 zabbix02.okooo.cn zabbix02
192.168.8.120 zbxdb.okooo.cn zbxdb
ntpdate 210.72.145.44
ssh-keygen -t rsa -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa -P ''
ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@zabbix01/02/db.okooo.cn
# cat /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - SELinux is fully disabled.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= type of policy in use. Possible values are:
# targeted - Only targeted network daemons are protected.
# strict - Full SELinux protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
# /etc/init.d/iptables status
iptables: Firewall is not running.
yum install -y pacemaker corosync pcs
export ais_port=4000
export ais_mcast=226.94.1.1
export ais_addr=192.168.15.0
env|grep ais
cp /etc/corosync/corosync.conf.example /etc/corosync/corosync.conf
sed -i.bak“s /.* mcastaddr：。* / mcastaddr：\ $ ais_mcast / g”/etc/corosync/corosync.conf
sed -i.bak“s /.* mcastport：。* / mcastport：\ $ ais_port / g”/etc/corosync/corosync.conf
sed -i.bak“s /.* bindnetaddr：。* / bindnetaddr：\ $ ais_addr / g”/etc/corosync/corosync.confcat /etc/corosync/corosync.conf
# Please read the corosync.conf.5 manual page compatibility: whitetanktotem { version: 2 secauth: on #启动认证 threads: 2 interface { ringnumber: 0 bindnetaddr: 192.168.15.0 #修改心跳线网段 mcastaddr: 226.94.1.1 #组播传播心跳信息 mcastport: 4000 ttl: 1 } }logging { fileline: off to_stderr: no to_logfile: yes to_syslog: no logfile: /var/log/cluster/corosync.log #日志位置 debug: off timestamp: on logger_subsys { subsys: AMF debug: off } }amf { mode: disabled }#启用pacemakerservice { ver: 0 name: pacemaker }aisexec { user: root group: root }yum install -y cman
sed -i.sed "s/.*CMAN_QUORUM_TIMEOUT=.*/CMAN_QUORUM_TIMEOUT=0/g" /etc/sysconfig/cman
# cat /etc/sysconfig/cman
# CMAN_CLUSTER_TIMEOUT -- amount of time to wait to join a cluster
# before giving up. If CMAN_CLUSTER_TIMEOUT is positive, then we will
# wait CMAN_CLUSTER_TIMEOUT seconds before giving up and failing if
# we can't join a cluster. If CMAN_CLUSTER_TIMEOUT is zero, then we
# will wait indefinitely for a cluster join. If CMAN_CLUSTER_TIMEOUT is
# negative, do not check to see if we have joined a cluster.
#CMAN_CLUSTER_TIMEOUT=5# CMAN_QUORUM_TIMEOUT -- amount of time to wait for a quorate cluster on
# startup. Quorum is needed by many other applications, so we may as
# well wait here. If CMAN_QUORUM_TIMEOUT is zero, quorum will
# be ignored.
CMAN_QUORUM_TIMEOUT=0# CMAN_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT -- amount of time to wait for cman to become a
# cluster member before calling 'cman_tool' leave during shutdown.
# The default is 60 seconds
#CMAN_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT=6# CMAN_NOTIFYD_START - control the startup behaviour for cmannotifyd,
# the variable can take 3 values:
# yes | will always start cmannotifyd
# no | will never start cmannotifyd
# conditional (default) | will start cmannotifyd only if scriptlets
# are found in /etc/cluster/cman-notify.d
#CMAN_NOTIFYD_START=conditional# CMAN_SSHD_START -- control sshd startup behaviour,
# the variable can take 2 values:
# yes | cman will start sshd as early as possible
# no (default) | cman will not start sshd
#CMAN_SSHD_START=no# DLM_CONTROLD_OPTS -- allow extra options to be passed to dlm_controld daemon.
#DLM_CONTROLD_OPTS=""# Allow tuning of DLM kernel config.
# do NOT change unless instructed to do so.
#DLM_LKBTBL_SIZE=""
#DLM_RSBTBL_SIZE=""
#DLM_DIRTBL_SIZE=""
#DLM_TCP_PORT=""# FENCE_JOIN_TIMEOUT -- seconds to wait for fence domain join to
# complete. If the join hasn't completed in this time, fence_tool join
# exits with an error, and this script exits with an error. To wait
# indefinitely set the value to -1.
#FENCE_JOIN_TIMEOUT=20# FENCED_MEMBER_DELAY -- amount of time to delay fence_tool join to allow
# all nodes in cluster.conf to become cluster members. In seconds.
#FENCED_MEMBER_DELAY=45# FENCE_JOIN -- boolean value used to control whether or not this node
# should join the fence domain. If FENCE_JOIN is set to "no", then
# the script will not attempt to the fence domain. If FENCE_JOIN is
# set to "yes", then the script will attempt to join the fence domain.
# If FENCE_JOIN is set to any other value, the default behavior is
# to join the fence domain (equivalent to "yes").
# When setting FENCE_JOIN to "no", it is important to also set
# DLM_CONTROLD_OPTS="-f0" (at least) for correct operation.
# Please note that clusters without fencing are not
# supported by Red Hat except for MRG installations.
#FENCE_JOIN="yes"# FENCED_OPTS -- allow extra options to be passed to fence daemon.
#FENCED_OPTS=""# NETWORK_BRIDGE_SCRIPT -- script to use for xen network bridging.
# This script must exist in the /etc/xen/scripts directory.
# The default script is "network-bridge".
#NETWORK_BRIDGE_SCRIPT="network-bridge"# CLUSTERNAME -- override clustername as specified in cluster.conf
#CLUSTERNAME=""# NODENAME -- specify the nodename of this node. Default autodetected.
#NODENAME=""# CONFIG_LOADER -- select default config parser.
# This can be:
# xmlconfig - read directly from cluster.conf and use ricci as default
# config propagation method. (default)
#CONFIG_LOADER=xmlconfig# CONFIG_VALIDATION -- select default config validation behaviour.
# This can be:
# FAIL - Use a very strict checking. The config will not be loaded if there
# are any kind of warnings/errors
# WARN - Same as FAIL, but will allow the config to load (this is temporarily
# the default behaviour)
# NONE - Disable config validation. Highly discouraged
#CONFIG_VALIDATION=WARN# CMAN_LEAVE_OPTS -- allows extra options to be passed to cman_tool when leave
# operation is performed.
#CMAN_LEAVE_OPTS=""# INITLOGLEVEL -- select how verbose the init script should be.
# Possible values:
# quiet - only one line notification for start/stop operations
# terse (default) - show only required activity
# full - show everything
#INITLOGLEVEL=terse
ccs_config_validate
service cman start
cman_tool nodes
service pacemaker start
chkconfig cman on
chkconfig pacemaker on
pcs cluster auth zabbix01 zabbix02 #节点间认证
pcs cluster start --all #启动集群中所有节点
pcs resource create ClusterIP IPaddr2 ip=192.168.8.47 cidr_netmask=32 op monitor interval=2s #创建一个名为ClusterIP，类型是IPadd2，VIP是192.168.8.47/32 每隔2秒检测一次的资源
pcs property set stonith-enabled=false #因我们没有STONITH设备，所以我们先关闭这个属性
pcs resource create zabbix-server lsb:zabbix_server op monitor interval=5s #创建一个名为zabbix-server、标准是lsb、应用是zabbis_server，每隔5秒检测一次的资源。lsb指/etc/init.d/下的启动脚本
pcs resource group add zabbix ClusterIP zabbix-server #将ClusterIP zabbix-server资源加入到zabbix资源组中
pcs property set no-quorum-policy="ignore" #忽略法定人数不足时进行仲裁
pcs property set default-resource-stickiness="100" #资源粘性为100
pcs constraint colocation add zabbix-server ClusterIP #资源共置
pcs constraint order ClusterIP then zabbix-server #资源限制，确保VIP和service在同一个节点上运行，而且VIP要在service之前完成。
pcs constraint location ClusterIP prefers zabbix01 #ClusterIP更喜欢在zabbix01节点上，可用于节点故障恢复
pcs constraint location zabbix-server prefers zabbix01 #zabbix-server更喜欢在zabbix01节点上，可用于故障恢复
1、在zabbix01上操作停止zabbix_server 服务
PS：集群可以保证服务的高可用
root@zabbix01:~
# pcs resource
Resource Group: zabbix
ClusterIP (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started zabbix01
zabbix-server (lsb:zabbix_server): Started zabbix01
root@zabbix01:~
# ip a
1: lo:
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0:
link/ether 00:50:56:bb:68:49 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.8.61/20 brd 192.168.15.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.8.47/32 brd 192.168.15.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:febb:6849/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
PS：此时VIP和资源均在zabbix01上运行
root@zabbix01:~
# ip a
1: lo:
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0:
link/ether 00:50:56:bb:68:49 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.8.61/20 brd 192.168.15.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:febb:6849/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@zabbix01:~
# ssh zabbix02 "pcs resource"
Resource Group: zabbix
ClusterIP (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started zabbix02
zabbix-server (lsb:zabbix_server): Started zabbix02
root@zabbix01:~
# pcs cluster start zabbix01
zabbix01: Starting Cluster...
root@zabbix01:~
# ip a
1: lo:
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0:
link/ether 00:50:56:bb:68:49 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.8.61/20 brd 192.168.15.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.8.47/32 brd 192.168.15.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:febb:6849/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
root@zabbix01:~
# pcs resource
Resource Group: zabbix
ClusterIP (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started zabbix01
zabbix-server (lsb:zabbix_server): Started zabbix01
PS：重启集群后资源和VIP均被zabbix02接管,但zabbix01恢复后资源与VIP又再次回到zabbix01.
1、查看集群状态
# pcs cluster status
Cluster Status:
Stack: cman
Current DC: zabbix01 (version 1.1.15-5.el6-e174ec8) - partition with quorum
Last updated: Thu Sep 21 02:13:20 2017 Last change: Wed Sep 20 09:13:10 2017 by root via cibadmin on zabbix01
2 nodes and 2 resources configured
PCSD Status:
zabbix01: Online
zabbix02: Online
2、查看配置
# pcs config show
Cluster Name: zabbixcluster
Corosync Nodes:
zabbix02 zabbix01
Pacemaker Nodes:
zabbix01 zabbix02
Resources:
Group: zabbix
Resource: ClusterIP (class=ocf provider=heartbeat type=IPaddr2)
Attributes: ip=192.168.8.47 cidr_netmask=32
Operations: start interval=0s timeout=20s (ClusterIP-start-interval-0s)
stop interval=0s timeout=20s (ClusterIP-stop-interval-0s)
monitor interval=2s (ClusterIP-monitor-interval-2s)
Resource: zabbix-server (class=lsb type=zabbix_server)
Operations: start interval=0s timeout=15 (zabbix-server-start-interval-0s)
stop interval=0s timeout=15 (zabbix-server-stop-interval-0s)
monitor interval=5s (zabbix-server-monitor-interval-5s)
Stonith Devices:
Fencing Levels:
Location Constraints:
Ordering Constraints:
Colocation Constraints:
Ticket Constraints:
Alerts:
No alerts defined
Resources Defaults:
No defaults set
Operations Defaults:
timeout: 60s
Cluster Properties:
cluster-infrastructure: cman
dc-version: 1.1.15-5.el6-e174ec8
default-resource-stickiness: 100
have-watchdog: false
last-lrm-refresh: 1505857479
no-quorum-policy: ignore
stonith-enabled: false
# pcs cluster cib
3、查看资源
# pcs resource
Resource Group: zabbix
ClusterIP (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr2): Started zabbix01
zabbix-server (lsb:zabbix_server): Started zabbix01
4、查看资源组
#pcs resource group list
zabbix: ClusterIP zabbix-server
# cat /etc/init.d/zabbix_server
#!/bin/bash
#Location of zabbix binary. Change path as neccessary
DAEMON=/usr/local/zabbix/sbin/zabbix_server
NAME=`basename $DAEMON`
#Pid file of zabbix, should be matched with pid directive in nginx config file.
PIDFILE=/tmp/$NAME.pid
#this file location
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME
#only run if binary can be found
test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
RETVAL=0
start() {
echo $"Starting $NAME"
$DAEMON
RETVAL=0
}
stop() {
echo $"Graceful stopping $NAME"
[ -s "$PIDFILE" ] && kill -QUIT `cat $PIDFILE`
RETVAL=0
}
forcestop() {
echo $"Quick stopping $NAME"
[ -s "$PIDFILE" ] && kill -TERM `cat $PIDFILE`
RETVAL=$?
}
reload() {
echo $"Graceful reloading $NAME configuration"
[ -s "$PIDFILE" ] && kill -HUP `cat $PIDFILE`
RETVAL=$?
}
status() {
if [ -s $PIDFILE ]; then
echo $"$NAME is running."
RETVAL=0
else
echo $"$NAME stopped."
RETVAL=3
fi
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
force-stop)
forcestop
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
reload)
reload
;;
status)
status
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|force-stop|restart|reload|status}"
exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL
参考资料
https://www.zabbix.org/wiki/Docs/howto/high_availability_on_Centos_6.x
https://ericsysmin.com/2016/02/18/configuring-high-availability-ha-zabbix-server-on-centos-7/
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/zh-CN/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/High_Availability_Add-On_Reference/ch-clusteradmin-HAAR.html
http://clusterlabs.org/doc/en-US/Pacemaker/1.1-plugin/pdf/Pacemaker_Explained/Pacemaker-1.1-Pacemaker_Explained-en-US.pdf