Oracle安装之简单篇
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安装准备包
linuxredhat5.8操作系统
oracle11g（以下是包名）
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
安装准备
配置IP，hosts，主机名。
备注hosts文件一定要与主机名对应。（如下）
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
192.168.66.249 dbserver.cjl.com
配置oracle环境脚本
#!/bin/bash
#查看内存大小
echo "Mem Check:swap >2G,MEM >2G"
grep -i memtotal /proc/meminfo
grep -i swaptotal /proc/meminfo
#配置yum本地源
cat </etc/yum.repos.d/rhel.repo
[local]
[local]cal
baseurl=file:///mnt/Server/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
END
#挂载光盘并安装插件
mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
yum -y groupinstall "Development Tools"
yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-* gcc gcc-c++* glibc* kernel-headers ksh libaio* libgcc
#配置路由
cat <> /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
END
sysctl -p
#创建用户组和用户并授权
groupadd -g 500 oinstall
groupadd -g 501 dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
echo "123123" |passwd --stdin oracle
mkdir /opt/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /opt/oracle
chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle
sudo mkdir /opt/tmp
sudo chmod a+rw /opt/tmp
#添加用户环境变量
cat <>/home/oracle/.bash_profile
umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA".ZHS16GBK
export PATH=\$PATH:\$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export DISPLAY=:0.0
END
#添加认证模块
cat <>/etc/pam.d/login
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
END
#设置oracle限制
cat <>/etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
END
#oracle软堆栈限制
cat <>/etc/profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ];then
if [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ];then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -p 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
END
解压Oracle11g的包到oracle用户的home目录
unzip -d /home/oracle linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip && unzip -d /home/oraclelinux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
允许用户oracle从本机访问
[root@dbserver ~]# xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
切换用户并进入解压目录运行安装
[root@dbserver ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@dbserver ~]$ ls
database
[oracle@dbserver ~]$ cd database/
[oracle@dbserver database]$ ./runInstaller
运行root用户执行提示脚本
[root@dbserver ~]# /opt/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
更改权限/opt/oracle/oraInventory.
添加组的读取和写入权限。
删除全局的读取, 写入和执行权限。
更改组名/opt/oracle/oraInventory 到 oinstall.
脚本的执行已完成。
[root@dbserver ~]# /opt/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/root.sh
Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /opt/oracle/product/11.2/db_1
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.
[root@dbserver ~]#
访问以上地址测试https://dbserver.cjl.com:1158/em/
oracle用户访问测试
[oracle@dbserver database]$ sqlplus sys as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Sep 18 05:28:47 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Enter password:
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL>
图形界面添加数据库
如果重新启动还需web访问可用以下命令重新获取网址
[oracle@dbserver ~]$ emctl start dbconsole
Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.2.0.1.0
Copyright (c) 1996, 2009 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
https://dbserver.cjl.com:1158/em/console/aboutApplication
Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control ........
started.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Logs are generated in directory /opt/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/dbserver.cjl.com_orcl/sysman/log
如果发现不能使用dbca命令时试试它
[oracle@dbserver ~]$ /opt/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/bin/dbca
Xlib: connection to ":0.0" refused by server
Xlib: No protocol specified
[root@dbserver ~]# xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
启动数据库先启动监听
[oracle@dbserver ~]$ lsnrctl
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 18-SEP-2015 05:07:44
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.
LSNRCTL> start
Starting /opt/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /opt/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dbserver/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=dbserver.cjl.com)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 18-SEP-2015 05:07:50
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /opt/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dbserver/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=dbserver.cjl.com)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
LSNRCTL> quit
[oracle@dbserver ~]$ sqlplus sys as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Sep 18 05:08:12 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Enter password:
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 839282688 bytes
Fixed Size 2217992 bytes
Variable Size 541067256 bytes
Database Buffers 289406976 bytes
Redo Buffers 6590464 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01531: a database already open by the instance
SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
关闭数据库
shutdown immediate
shutdown abort （上一条关闭不能执行，则执行这条强制关机）
关闭监听
lsnrctl stop
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