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在前后端分离的，后端微服务的情况下，会话已经不再适合保存在服务端，使用redis可以保存会话，但是需要在redis集群之间进行复制，如果用户较多，保存的数据量也比较大。
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JWT实现无状态的会话机制，是一个解决方案。
微服务集群中的每个服务，对外提供的都使用RESTful风格的接口。而RESTful风格的一个最重要的规范就是：服务的无状态性，即：
1、服务端不保存任何客户端请求者信息
2、客户端的每次请求必须具备自描述信息，通过这些信息识别客户端身份
1、首先客户端发送账户名/密码到服务端进行认证
2、认证通过后，服务端将用户信息加密并且编码成一个token，返回给客户端
3、以后客户端每次发送请求，都需要携带认证的token
4、服务端对客户端发送来的token进行解密，判断是否有效，并且获取用户登录信息
JWT 作为一种规范，并没有和某一种语言绑定在一起，常用的Java 实现是GitHub 上的开源项目 jjwt，地址如下：https://github.com/jwtk/jjwt
说明：
1、一个登陆接口/login，用于获取token
2、一个用户接口/hello，用户角色可以访问
3、一个管理接口/admin，管理角色可以访问
package com.baiziwan.authorize;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@MapperScan({"com.baiziwan.authorize.*.dao", "com.baiziwan.authorize.*.*.dao"})
@EnableAsync
public class AuthorizeApplication {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AuthorizeApplication.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
SpringApplication.run(AuthorizeApplication.class, args);
} catch (Exception e) {
LOGGER.error("启动失败！", e);
}
}
}
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-security
org.springframework.boot
spring-boot-starter-web
io.jsonwebtoken
jjwt
0.9.1
org.springframework.security
spring-security-oauth3-resource-server
5.1.3.RELEASE
package com.baiziwan.authorize.model;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
public class User implements UserDetails {
private String username;
private String password;
private List authorities;
@Override
public Collection getAuthorities() {
return authorities;
}
@Override
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
@Override
public boolean isAccountNonExpired() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean isEnabled() {
return true;
}
}
package com.baiziwan.authorize.controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class HelloController {
//需要jwt访问，user角色可以访问
@GetMapping("/hello")
public String hello() {
return "hello jwt !";
}
//需要jwt访问，admin角色可以访问
@GetMapping("/admin")
public String admin() {
return "hello admin !";
}
}
1、一个是用户登录的过滤器，在用户的登录的过滤器中校验用户是否登录成功，如果登录成功，则生成一个token返回给客户端，登录失败则给前端一个登录失败的提示。
2、第二个过滤器则是当其他请求发送来，校验token的过滤器，如果校验成功，就让请求继续执行。
package com.baiziwan.authorize.filter;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.AuthorityUtils;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.web.filter.GenericFilterBean;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
public class JwtFilter extends GenericFilterBean {
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest req = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;
String jwtToken = req.getHeader("authorization");
System.out.println(jwtToken);
Claims claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey("sang@123").parseClaimsJws(jwtToken.replace("Bearer",""))
.getBody();
String username = claims.getSubject();//获取当前登录用户名
List authorities = AuthorityUtils.commaSeparatedStringToAuthorityList((String) claims.get("authorities"));
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken token = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, null, authorities);
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(token);
filterChain.doFilter(req,servletResponse);
}
}
package com.baiziwan.authorize.filter;
import com.baiziwan.authorize.model.User;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter;
import org.springframework.security.web.util.matcher.AntPathRequestMatcher;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Date;
public class JwtLoginFilter extends AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter {
public JwtLoginFilter(String defaultFilterProcessesUrl, AuthenticationManager authenticationManager) {
super(new AntPathRequestMatcher(defaultFilterProcessesUrl));
setAuthenticationManager(authenticationManager);
}
@Override
public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws AuthenticationException, IOException, ServletException {
User user = new ObjectMapper().readValue(req.getInputStream(), User.class);
return getAuthenticationManager().authenticate(new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(user.getUsername(), user.getPassword()));
}
@Override
protected void successfulAuthentication(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, FilterChain chain, Authentication authResult) throws IOException, ServletException {
Collection authorities = authResult.getAuthorities();
StringBuffer as = new StringBuffer();
for (GrantedAuthority authority : authorities) {
as.append(authority.getAuthority())
.append(",");
}
String jwt = Jwts.builder()
.claim("authorities", as)//配置用户角色
.setSubject(authResult.getName())
.setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + 10 * 60 * 1000))
.signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512,"sang@123")
.compact();
resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(jwt));
out.flush();
out.close();
}
protected void unsuccessfulAuthentication(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp, AuthenticationException failed) throws IOException, ServletException {
resp.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.write("登录失败!");
out.flush();
out.close();
}
}
1、简单起见，这里并未连接数据库，我直接在内存中配置了两个用户，两个用户具备不同的角色。
2、配置路径规则时， /hello 接口必须要具备 user 角色才能访问， /admin 接口必须要具备 admin 角色才能访问，POST 请求并且是 /login 接口则可以直接通过，其他接口必须认证后才能访问。
package com.baiziwan.authorize.config;
import com.baiziwan.authorize.filter.JwtFilter;
import com.baiziwan.authorize.filter.JwtLoginFilter;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.NoOpPasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter;
@Configuration
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Bean
PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
return NoOpPasswordEncoder.getInstance();
}
@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
auth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser("admin")
.password("123").roles("admin")
.and()
.withUser("sang")
.password("456")
.roles("user");
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers(HttpMethod.GET,"/.well-known/jwks.json").permitAll()
.antMatchers("/hello").hasRole("user")
.antMatchers("/admin").hasRole("admin")
.antMatchers(HttpMethod.POST, "/login").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and()
.addFilterBefore(new JwtLoginFilter("/login",authenticationManager()),UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class)
.addFilterBefore(new JwtFilter(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class)
.csrf().disable();
}
}1、获取token
2、带令牌访问