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1. 背景
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* MySQL是一个关系型数据库管理系统，由瑞典MySQL AB 公司开发，目前属于 Oracle 旗下产品。MySQL 是最流行的关系型数据库管理系统之一，在 WEB 应用方面，MySQL是最好的 RDBMS (Relational Database Management System，关系数据库管理系统) 应用软件。
* MySQL是一种关系数据库管理系统，关系数据库将数据保存在不同的表中，而不是将所有数据放在一个大仓库内，这样就增加了速度并提高了灵活性。
* MySQL所使用的 SQL 语言是用于访问数据库的最常用标准化语言。MySQL 软件采用了双授权政策，分为社区版和商业版，由于其体积小、速度快、总体拥有成本低，尤其是开放源码这一特点，一般中小型网站的开发都选择 MySQL 作为网站数据库。
2. 选择的理由
* 支持多种平台[AIX、FreeBSD、HP-UX、Linux、Mac OS、OpenBSD、Solaris、Windows......]
* 支持并提供多语言API
* 开源，采用了 GPL协议，可以修改源码来开发自己的 MySQL 系统
* 支持标准SQL语句
* 支持多种存储引擎
* 使用广泛 [ 全球top20网站除微软的Live和Bing之外全部应用MySQL ]
3. MySQL安装方式
* 二制包安装
* 源码编译安装
* 平台安装包，如rpm包[centos,redhat]或deb[debian,ubuntu]包
4. 环境 [关闭selinux]
[root@MySQL ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.9 (Final) [root@MySQL ~]# uname -r 2.6.32-642.3.1.el6.x86_64 [root@MySQL ~]# getenforce Disabled
5. 安装
* 下载MySQL5.6二进制包 [ 推荐从MySQL官方下载 ]
[root@MySQL ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
* 解压MySQL二进制包
[root@MySQL ~]# tar zxvf mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
* 移动MySQL二进制包
[root@MySQL ~]# mv mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/
* 创建软链接
[root@MySQL ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
* 创建 mysql 用户
[root@MySQL ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
* 创建mysql数据库文件存放目录
[root@MySQL ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql_data
* 修改二进制包目录与数据目录所属用户与所属用户组
[root@MySQL ~]# chown mysql.mysql -R /usr/local/mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /data/mysql_data
* 复制默认配置文件至/etc/my.cnf
[root@MySQL ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
* MySQL初始化 [ 创建数据库相关文件 ] 看到两个OK并没有ERROR错误信息表明初始化成功
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data WARNING: The host 'MySQL' could not be looked up with /usr/local/mysql/bin/resolveip. This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible with this binary MySQL version. The MySQL daemon, mysqld, should work normally with the exception that host name resolving will not work. This means that you should use IP addresses instead of hostnames when specifying MySQL privileges ! Installing MySQL system tables...2017-06-24 03:57:47 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2017-06-24 03:57:47 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap. 2017-06-24 03:57:47 0 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.36) starting as process 20685 ... 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created! 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait... 2017-06-24 03:57:47 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB 2017-06-24 03:57:49 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB 2017-06-24 03:57:51 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0 2017-06-24 03:57:51 20685 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781 2017-06-24 03:57:51 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new 2017-06-24 03:57:51 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created 2017-06-24 03:57:51 20685 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active. 2017-06-24 03:57:51 20685 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2017-06-24 03:57:51 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created 2017-06-24 03:57:51 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables. 2017-06-24 03:57:51 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created. 2017-06-24 03:57:51 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start 2017-06-24 03:57:52 20685 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.36 started; log sequence number 0 2017-06-24 03:57:58 20685 [Note] Binlog end 2017-06-24 03:57:58 20685 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting. 2017-06-24 03:57:58 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20685 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977 OK Filling help tables...2017-06-24 03:58:00 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2017-06-24 03:58:00 0 [Note] Ignoring --secure-file-priv value as server is running with --bootstrap. 2017-06-24 03:58:00 0 [Note] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.6.36) starting as process 20731 ... 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda. 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active. 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.36 started; log sequence number 1625977 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] Binlog end 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting. 2017-06-24 03:58:00 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 2017-06-24 03:58:02 20731 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987 OK
6. 创建启动脚本
* 复制启动脚本到service 服务管理目录下[ /etc/init.d ]
[root@MySQL ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
* 修改mysql启动脚本 [ /et/init.d/mysqld ]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/data/mysql_data
* 添加脚本执行权限
[root@MySQL ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
* 添加进service服务管理
[root@MySQL ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld
7. 服务启动测试
* 启动 MySQL 服务
[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql_data/MySQL.err'. SUCCESS!
* 查看服务是否启动并监听端口 [默认3306]
[root@MySQL ~]# netstat -lntp | grep 3306 tcp 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 21366/mysqld
8. 连接测试并修改密码
* 通过自带mysql客户端连接
[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
* 修改密码
mysql> set password = password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)* 重新使用密码连接
mysql> quit Bye [root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO) [root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -p123456 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
9. 总结
以需求驱动技术，技术本身没有优略之分，只有业务之分。