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这篇文章主要介绍“MySQL数据库安装和修改默认存储路径的方法”，在日常操作中，相信很多人在mysql数据库安装和修改默认存储路径的方法问题上存在疑惑，小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作方法，希望对大家解答”mysql数据库安装和修改默认存储路径的方法”的疑惑有所帮助！接下来，请跟着小编一起来学习吧！
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1、mysql数据库安装
[root@zrbapp ~]#
[root@zrbapp ~]# ll /soft/mysql_software/
total 196380
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25402568 Oct 31 23:51 mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 280904 Oct 31 23:51 mysql-community-common-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2271668 Oct 31 23:51 mysql-community-libs-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 173130520 Oct 31 23:52 mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 245 Oct 31 23:52 tool
[root@zrbapp ~]#
[root@zrbapp ~]# rpm -ivh /soft/mysql_software/*.rpm
warning: /soft/mysql_software/mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-common-5.7.25-1.e################################# [ 25%]
2:mysql-community-libs-5.7.25-1.el7################################# [ 50%]
3:mysql-community-client-5.7.25-1.e################################# [ 75%]
4:mysql-community-server-5.7.25-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@zrbapp ~]#
[root@zrbapp ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@zrbapp ~]#
[root@zrbapp ~]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2019-11-01 04:36:09 CST; 17s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 10148 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 10074 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 10151 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─10151 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
Nov 01 04:35:50 zrbapp02 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Nov 01 04:36:09 zrbapp02 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
[root@zrbapp ~]#
[root@zrbapp ~]#
2、修改mysql数据库默认路径
[root@zrbapp mysql]#
[root@zrbapp mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql ----修改默认路径到指定位置
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
[root@zrbapp mysql]#
2.1 停止mysql数据
[root@zrbapp mysql]# systemctl stop mysqld
2.2 将mysql数据库打包
[root@zrbapp mysql]# cd /var/lib
[root@zrbapp mysql]# tar -cvf mysql.tar mysql
[root@zrbapp mysql]# ll /var/lib/mysql.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 126791680 Nov 1 06:03 /var/lib/mysql.tar
[root@zrbapp mysql]#
2.3 创建mysql数据库目标存储路径并赋属组权限
[root@zrbapp mysql]# mkdir -p /mysqldb
[root@zrbapp mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /mysqldb
[root@zrbapp mysql]# chown -R 755 /mysqldb
2.4 将打包好的mysql数据库移动到目标存储路径（mysqldb)
[root@zrbapp mysql]# mv /var/lib/mysql.tar /mysqldb
2.5 进入目标存储路径解压mysql数据库
[root@zrbapp mysql]# cd /mysqldb
[root@zrbapp mysql]# tar -xvf mysqldb.tar
2.6 修改mysql数据库配置文件my.cnf
[root@zrbapp mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
#datadir=/var/lib/mysql ----注销掉原来mysql数据库路径
datadir=/mysqldb/mysql ----增加目标mysql数据库路径
#socket=/mysqldb/mysql/mysql.sock
#socket路径若修改则在删除/var/lib/mysql数据时则不用考虑保留mysql.sock文件，本例保持默认！
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
#socket路径可以保持不变，但注意在删除/var/lib/mysql目录的mysql的文件时则需要保留mysql.sock文件,否则导致数据库启动失败；
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
wq! ----并保存退出即可
删除/var/lib/mysql目录下除mysql.sock和mysql.sock.lock以外的所有文件，当前也可以选择不删除不影响
[root@zrbapp mysql]# ls
auto.cnf ca.pem client-key.pem ibdata1 ib_logfile1 mysql.sock performance_schema public_key.pem server-key.pem
ca-key.pem client-cert.pem ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile0 mysql mysql.sock.lock private_key.pem server-cert.pem sys
[root@zrbapp mysql]#
2.7 启动数据库并查看状态
[root@zrbapp mysql]#
[root@zrbapp mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@zrbapp mysql]#
[root@zrbapp mysql]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running)since Fri 2019-11-01 06:20:36 CST; 6s ago ----数据库启动正常；
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 10348 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 10331 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 10351 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─10351 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
Nov 01 06:20:33 zrbapp systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Nov 01 06:20:36 zrbapp systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.
[root@zrbapp mysql]#
[root@zrbapp mysql]#
到此，关于“mysql数据库安装和修改默认存储路径的方法”的学习就结束了，希望能够解决大家的疑惑。理论与实践的搭配能更好的帮助大家学习，快去试试吧！若想继续学习更多相关知识，请继续关注创新互联网站，小编会继续努力为大家带来更多实用的文章！