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在开展测试工作的过程中，通常要接触到服务器，对于linux服务器，总结一些常用的命令。
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准备工作
为了能直观展示命令结果，使用脚本创建一个文件，在显示文件内容的同时，也直观的显示行号。
#!/bin/bash FileName=TestFile.log touch ./$FileName i=1 while [ $i -le $1 ] do echo "the line number is $i" >> $FileName let "i=$i+1" done
| 命令 | 选项 | 示例 |
| head | -n，显示行数 | [root@Durian scripts]# head -n 5 TestFile.log the line number is 1 the line number is 2 the line number is 3 the line number is 4 the line number is 5 #显示文件的前5行 |
[root@Durian scripts]# head -n -6 TestFile.log the line number is 1 the line number is 2 the line number is 3 the line number is 4 the line number is 5 the line number is 6 the line number is 7 the line number is 8 the line number is 9 the line number is 10 the line number is 11 the line number is 12 the line number is 13 the line number is 14 #截去后6行，显示剩余内容 | ||
[root@Durian scripts]# head TestFile.log the line number is 1 the line number is 2 the line number is 3 the line number is 4 the line number is 5 the line number is 6 the line number is 7 the line number is 8 the line number is 9 the line number is 10 #当没有选项参数时，默认显示前10行 | ||
| -v ，在首行打印文件名称 | [root@Durian scripts]# head -n 5 -v TestFile.log ==> TestFile.log <== the line number is 1 the line number is 2 the line number is 3 the line number is 4 the line number is 5 #在首行打印文件名称 | |
| tail | -n，显示行数 | [root@Durian scripts]# tail -n 4 TestFile.log the line number is 17 the line number is 18 the line number is 19 the line number is 20 #查看messages文件的最后4行内容 |
[root@Durian scripts]# tail -n +5 TestFile.log the line number is 5 the line number is 6 the line number is 7 the line number is 8 the line number is 9 the line number is 10 the line number is 11 the line number is 12 the line number is 13 the line number is 14 the line number is 15 the line number is 16 the line number is 17 the line number is 18 the line number is 19 the line number is 20 #截去前4行，显示剩余内容 | ||
[root@Durian scripts]# tail TestFile.log the line number is 11 the line number is 12 the line number is 13 the line number is 14 the line number is 15 the line number is 16 the line number is 17 the line number is 18 the line number is 19 the line number is 20 #当没有选项参数时，默认显示最后10行 | ||
| -f | tail -f /var/log/messages #当文件内容有更新时，动态的显示最新的内容 | |
| -v ，在首行打印文件名称 | [root@Durian scripts]# tail -v -n 3 TestFile.log ==> TestFile.log <== the line number is 18 the line number is 19 the line number is 20 #在首行打印文件名称 | |
[root@Durian scripts]# head -n 15 TestFile.log |tail -n 5 the line number is 11 the line number is 12 the line number is 13 the line number is 14 the line number is 15 #查看中间行第11~15行的内容 | ||
| sed | -n，与p一起使用 | [root@Durian scripts]# sed -n '10p' TestFile.log the line number is 10#查看第10行的内容 |
[root@Durian scripts]# sed -n '11,14p' TestFile.log the line number is 11 the line number is 12 the line number is 13 the line number is 14 #查看第11~14行的内容 | ||
| vi | [root@Durian scripts]# vi +12 TestFile.log #文件打开后，光标直接定位在第12行 | |
| more | [root@Durian scripts]# more -4 TestFile.log the line number is 1 the line number is 2 the line number is 3 the line number is 4 --More--(19%) #显示前4行 | |
[root@Durian scripts]# more +4 TestFile.log the line number is 4 the line number is 5 the line number is 6 the line number is 7 the line number is 8 the line number is 9 the line number is 10 the line number is 11 the line number is 12 the line number is 13 the line number is 14 the line number is 15 the line number is 16 the line number is 17 the line number is 18 the line number is 19 the line number is 20 #截去前3行，显示剩余内容 | ||
| less | [root@Durian scripts]# less +4 TestFile.lo #截去前3行，显示剩余内容 |