平台: python2.7.10 + wxpython 3.0.2
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#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import wx
__version__ = '0.1'
app_title = 'Temperature Translator - {}'.format(__version__)
class TempTranslator(wx.Frame):
def __init__(self, parent=None, size=(620, 200), title=app_title):
super(TempTranslator, self).__init__(parent, size=size, title=title)
self.SetMinSize(self.GetSize())
self.panel = wx.Panel(self)
self.init_layout()
self.panel.Layout()
self.Centre(wx.BOTH)
self.Show()
def init_layout(self):
font = self.GetFont()
font.SetWeight(wx.BOLD)
font.SetPointSize(15)
self.panel.SetFont(font)
vbox = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
self.add_label(vbox, f2c=True)
self.f_tc1, self.c_tc1 = self.add_input(vbox, f2c=True)
self.f_tc1.Bind(wx.EVT_TEXT, self.on_f_text)
line = wx.StaticLine(self.panel, -1, style=wx.LI_HORIZONTAL)
style = wx.GROW | wx.ALIGN_CENTER_VERTICAL | wx.RIGHT | wx.TOP
vbox.Add(line, 0, style, 5)
self.add_label(vbox, f2c=False)
self.c_tc2, self.f_tc2 = self.add_input(vbox, f2c=False)
self.c_tc2.Bind(wx.EVT_TEXT, self.on_c_text)
self.panel.SetSizer(vbox)
def add_label(self, vbox, f2c=True):
if f2c:
text1 = 'Fahrenheit'
text2 = 'Celsius'
else:
text1 = 'Celsius'
text2 = 'Fahrenheit'
hbox = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
label = wx.StaticText(self.panel, -1, text1, size=(-1, 30),
style=wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
hbox.Add(label, 1, wx.EXPAND, 10)
label = wx.StaticText(self.panel, -1, text2, size=(-1, 30),
style=wx.ALIGN_CENTER)
hbox.Add(label, 1, wx.EXPAND, 10)
vbox.Add(hbox, 0, wx.EXPAND, 10)
def add_input(self, vbox, f2c=True):
hbox = wx.BoxSizer(wx.HORIZONTAL)
tc1 = wx.TextCtrl(self.panel, -1, size=(260, 40), style=wx.TE_CENTER)
tc1.Bind(wx.EVT_TEXT, self.on_f_text)
label = wx.StaticText(self.panel, -1, ' = ')
tc2 = wx.TextCtrl(self.panel, -1, size=(260, 40), style=wx.TE_CENTER)
hbox.Add(tc1, 1, wx.EXPAND, 10)
hbox.Add(label, 0, wx.ALL | wx.EXPAND, 10)
hbox.Add(tc2, 1, wx.EXPAND, 10)
vbox.Add(hbox, 1, wx.EXPAND, 10)
return tc1, tc2
def on_f_text(self, evt):
f = self.f_tc1.GetValue()
self.c_tc1.SetValue('{}'.format(self.f2c(f)))
def on_c_text(self, evt):
c = self.c_tc2.GetValue()
self.f_tc2.SetValue('{}'.format(self.c2f(c)))
def f2c(self, f):
return (float(f) - 32) / 1.8 if f else ''
def c2f(self, c):
return float(c) * 1.8 + 32 if c else ''
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = wx.App()
TempTranslator()
app.MainLoop()
#include "stdafx.h"
#include iostream
using namespace std;
class tree
{
public:
tree(int age){ages=age;}
virtual ~tree(){}
int grow(int years){ages+=years;return ages;}
void age(){cout"这棵树的年龄是"agesendl;}
private:
int ages;
};
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
printf("Hello World!\n");
return 0;
}
话不多说,直接上菜
为了方便大家copy,我就不分段解释了
import turtle, random
# 定义一个类,用来画除了数字方块之外的图形
class BackGround(turtle.Turtle):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.penup()
self.ht()
def draw_block(self):
self.shape('bg.gif') # 画出背景方块
for i in allpos:
self.goto(i)
self.stamp()
self.color('white', 'white') # 画出其他背景
self.goto(-215, 120)
self.begin_fill()
self.goto(215, 120)
self.goto(215, 110)
self.goto(-215, 110)
self.end_fill()
self.shape('title.gif')
self.goto(-125, 210)
self.stamp()
self.shape('score.gif')
self.goto(125, 245)
self.stamp()
self.shape('top_score.gif')
self.goto(125, 170)
self.stamp()
# 游戏失败及达成2048的提示文字
def judge(self):
global flag_win, flag_win_lose_text
self.color('blue')
judge = 0 # 判断是否还有位置可以移动
for i in block_dic.values():
for j in block_dic.values():
if i.num == 0 or i.num == j.num and i.distance(j) == 100:
judge += 1
if judge == 0: # 无位置可移动,游戏失败
self.write(' GAME OVER\n重新开始请按空格键', align='center', font=('黑体', 30, 'bold'))
flag_win_lose_text = False
if flag_win is True: # 此条件让2048达成的判断只能进行一次
for k in block_dic.values():
if k.num == 2048: # 游戏达成
flag_win = False
self.write(' 达成2048\n继续游戏请按回车键', align='center', font=('黑体', 30, 'bold'))
flag_win_lose_text = False
def win_lose_clear(self):
global flag_win_lose_text
self.clear()
flag_win_lose_text = True
def show_score(self): # 分值的显示
global score, top_score
if score top_score:
top_score = score
with open('.\\score.txt', 'w') as f:
f.write(f'{top_score}')
self.color('white')
self.goto(125, 210)
self.clear()
self.write(f'{score}', align='center', font=('Arial', 20, 'bold'))
self.goto(125, 135)
self.write(f'{top_score}', align='center', font=('Arial', 20, 'bold'))
# 数字方块类
class Block(turtle.Turtle):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.ht()
self.penup()
self.num = 0
def draw(self):
self.clear()
dic_draw = {2: '#eee6db', 4: '#efe0cd', 8: '#f5af7b',
16: '#fb9660', 32: '#f57d5a', 64: '#f95c3d',
128: '#eccc75', 256: '#eece61', 512: '#efc853',
1024: '#ebc53c', 2048: '#eec430', 4096: '#aeb879',
8192: '#aab767', 16384: '#a6b74f'}
if self.num 0: # 数字大于0,画出方块
self.color(f'{dic_draw[self.num]}') # 选择颜色
self.begin_fill()
self.goto(self.xcor()+48, self.ycor()+48)
self.goto(self.xcor()-96, self.ycor())
self.goto(self.xcor(), self.ycor()-96)
self.goto(self.xcor()+96, self.ycor())
self.goto(self.xcor(), self.ycor()+96)
self.end_fill()
self.goto(self.xcor()-48, self.ycor()-68)
if self.num 4: # 按照数字选择数字的颜色
self.color('white')
else:
self.color('#6d6058')
self.write(f'{self.num}', align='center', font=('Arial', 27, 'bold'))
self.goto(self.xcor(), self.ycor()+20)
class Game():
def init(self):
back = BackGround() # 实例画出游戏的背景
back.draw_block()
for i in allpos: # 画出16个海龟对应16个数字块
block = Block()
block.goto(i)
block_dic[i] = block
game.grow()
def restart(self): # 重开游戏的方法
global score, flag_win_lose_text
score = 0
for i in block_dic.values():
i.num = 0
i.clear()
win_lose_text.clear()
game.grow()
flag_win_lose_text = True # 此flag为游戏达成或失败出现提示语后的判断,要提示语被clear后才能继续move
def grow(self): # 随机出现一个2或4的数字块
block_list = []
for i in allpos:
if block_dic[i].num == 0:
block_list.append(block_dic[i]) # 挑出空白方块的海龟
turtle_choice = random.choice(block_list) # 随机选中其中一个海龟
turtle_choice.num = random.choice([2, 2, 2, 2, 4]) # 赋属性num=2/4
turtle_choice.draw()
win_lose_text.judge()
show_score_text.show_score()
ms.update()
def move_up(self):
allpos1 = allpos[::4] # 切片为四列
allpos2 = allpos[1::4]
allpos3 = allpos[2::4]
allpos4 = allpos[3::4]
self.move_move(allpos1, allpos2, allpos3, allpos4)
def move_down(self):
allpos1 = allpos[-4::-4]
allpos2 = allpos[-3::-4]
allpos3 = allpos[-2::-4]
allpos4 = allpos[-1::-4]
self.move_move(allpos1, allpos2, allpos3, allpos4)
def move_left(self):
allpos1 = allpos[:4]
allpos2 = allpos[4:8]
allpos3 = allpos[8:12]
allpos4 = allpos[12:16]
self.move_move(allpos1, allpos2, allpos3, allpos4)
def move_right(self):
allpos1 = allpos[-1:-5:-1]
allpos2 = allpos[-5:-9:-1]
allpos3 = allpos[-9:-13:-1]
allpos4 = allpos[-13:-17:-1]
self.move_move(allpos1, allpos2, allpos3, allpos4)
def move_move(self, allpos1, allpos2, allpos3, allpos4):
if flag_win_lose_text is True:
count1 = self.move(allpos1) # 四列或四行依次移动
count2 = self.move(allpos2)
count3 = self.move(allpos3)
count4 = self.move(allpos4)
if count1 or count2 or count3 or count4: # 判断是否有方块移动,有才能继续出现新的数字块
self.grow()
def move(self, pos_list):
num_list = [] # 为某一列或行的数字块海龟的坐标
for i in pos_list:
num_list.append(block_dic[i].num) # 把这些海龟的NUM形成list
new_num_list, count = self.list_oper(num_list) # 只是list_oper的方法形成新的list
for j in range(len(new_num_list)): # 把新的list依次赋值给对应的海龟.num属性并调用draw()方法
block_dic[pos_list[j]].num = new_num_list[j]
block_dic[pos_list[j]].draw()
return count
def list_oper(self, num_list): # num_list的操作,假设其为【2,0,2,2】
global score
count = True
temp = []
new_temp = []
for j in num_list:
if j != 0:
temp.append(j) # temp=[2,2,2]
flag = True
for k in range(len(temp)):
if flag:
if k len(temp)-1 and temp[k] == temp[k+1]:
new_temp.append(temp[k]*2)
flag = False
score += temp[k]
else:
new_temp.append(temp[k]) # new_temp=[4,2]
else:
flag = True
for m in range(len(num_list)-len(new_temp)):
new_temp.append(0) # new_temp=[4,2,0,0]
if new_temp == num_list:
count = False # 此变量判断num_list没有变化,数字块无移动
return(new_temp, count)
if __name__ == '__main__':
ms = turtle.Screen() # 主窗口的设置
ms.setup(430, 630, 400, 50)
ms.bgcolor('gray')
ms.title('2048')
ms.tracer(0)
ms.register_shape('bg.gif')
ms.register_shape('title.gif')
ms.register_shape('score.gif')
ms.register_shape('top_score.gif')
block_dic = {} # 放数字方块海龟的字典,位置坐标为key,对应海龟为value
allpos = [(-150, 50), (-50, 50), (50, 50), (150, 50),
(-150, -50), (-50, -50), (50, -50), (150, -50),
(-150, -150), (-50, -150), (50, -150), (150, -150),
(-150, -250), (-50, -250), (50, -250), (150, -250)]
flag_win = True # 达成2048的判断,让达成的文字仅出现一次
flag_win_lose_text = True # 用来判断失败或成功的提示文字是否有被清除,不清除不能继续移动方块
score = 0
with open('.\\score.txt', 'r') as f:
top_score = int(f.read()) # 读取score中的数据
show_score_text = BackGround()
win_lose_text = BackGround()
game = Game()
game.init()
ms.listen()
ms.onkey(game.move_up, 'Up')
ms.onkey(game.move_down, 'Down')
ms.onkey(game.move_left, 'Left')
ms.onkey(game.move_right, 'Right')
ms.onkey(win_lose_text.win_lose_clear, 'Return')
ms.onkey(game.restart, 'space')
ms.mainloop()
这是游戏界面:
欢迎挑战最高分。
要运行出来,必须本地要有这些文件:bg.gif,score.gif,title.gif,top_score.gif,score.txt
我把这些文件放在了群里,还有一些学习的资料,群号642109462,欢迎对python感兴趣的进群讨论。
支持作者的,可以关注和点赞。感谢你们!
self,作用是绑定,表示对类的实例化对象的绑定。比如实例化你这的Node类,n=Node(),如果方法traverse括号内不加self,当n.traverse()在Python执行则会变成n=traverse(n),然后就会报错。所以在Python里必须加self绑定。
你也可以用其他的,比如其他语言里用this,但都得有这么个参数来占位作为绑定。
[],表示列表的特征符。
那么这里的[self]即是让实例化对象n经过traverse得到的结果或者表达式后再将其转为列表。
比如整形数1,2。当我们用中括号把其包围,[1,2],那么其就成了列表。就这么回事。
还可以这样:int(self),tuple(self)等的。
其实很简单,别看到self就被唬住了。
我建议还是多看看面相对象编程那一快
我简单讲一下额,创建一个Tree这个类时 因为楼主你定义的类里面没有构造函数,系统会自动给你加一个默认构造函数Tree();所以当你定义Tree t1不带参数(也不能加括号)的时候是可以的,但是定义Tree t2(5)的时候楼主没有设置Tree (int)的构造函数 所以系统会出现编译错误;
t1.age(); //访问t1的成员函数age,作用就是输出“该树的年龄为: ”;
t1.grow(3); //访问t1的成员函数grow,传入参数3,是给t1这个对象设置年龄,并对他t1的私有数据ages进行处理 ages+=3;其实我不明白楼主定义的成员函数grow需要传一个整形的year,后又
cinyear 不明白什么意思???
由于没有要求输出t1的ages的值 并且去掉cinyear 这句话 所以输出:
该树的年龄为:
请输入年份: 3
该树的年龄为:
补充估计楼主的意思是想在grow的函数里面传入自己想要的参数 而且要能有输出数据 可以在类里面定义构造函数。
//#include "StdAfx.h"
#includeiostream
using namespace std;
class Tree
{
public:
Tree(int a ){ age=a;}
void grow(int years);
void age();
private:
int ages;
};
void Tree::grow(int years){
cout"请输入年份:"yearsendl;
//cinyears;
ages+=years;
}
void Tree::age()
{
cout"该树龄为:"agesendl;
}
int main()
{
Tree t1(5);
t1.age();
//t2.age();
t1.grow(3);
t1.age();
//t2.grow(2);
//t2.age();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
输出:
该树的年龄为:5
请输入年份: 3
该树的年龄为: 8