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这篇文章给大家分享的是有关Oracle中RMAN的BACKUP常用参数有哪些的内容。小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家做个参考，一起跟随小编过来看看吧。
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backup命令用来生成备份，可以在执行backup时为备份指定很多属性。官方文档上backup命令语法功能非常丰富，但是没有必要一一的掌握。先要了解一些基本用法，特殊的参数，用到的时候临时抱佛脚就行了。
下面我们挑一些常用的参数，做以说明。
BACKUP参数选项
| full | 服务器会话将所有块都复制到备份集中，只跳过从未使用过的数据文 件块。在备份归档重做日志或控制文件时，服务器会话不会跳过任何块。完全备份不是增量备份。 |
| incremental level integer | 服务器会话复制自上次n 级增量备份以来更改过的数据块，其中n 是从1 到4 之间的任意整数。要执行大于0 级的增量备份时，服务器进程会在BACKUP 命令中检查每个数据文件的0 级备份或0 级副本是否存在。如果指定增量，则必须在备份说明中设置以下参数之一：DATA FILE、DATA FILECOPY、TABLESPACE 或DATABASE。恢复管理器不支持控制文件、归档重做日志或备份集的增量备份。 |
filesperset integer | 如果指定了FILESPERSET 参数，恢复管理器就会将FILESPERSET值与计算的值（备份的文件数与通道数的比值）进行比较，并采用两者中的较小值，从而确保使用所有的通道。如果不指定FILESPERSET，恢复管理器就会将计算的值（文件数与分配的通道数的比值）与缺省值64 进行比较并采用两者中的较小值。当通道多于要备份的文件时，多余的通道将保持空闲。输入文件不能在通道之间进行分割。 |
| skip | 指定该参数可将某些数据文件或归档重做日志排除在备份集之外。该参数具有以下选项： offline：将脱机数据文件排除在备份集之外。 readonly：排除属于只读表空间的数据文件。 inaccessible：排除由于I/O 错误而无法读取的数据文件或归档重 做日志。 |
maxsetsize integer | 以字节（缺省）、千字节(K)、兆字节(M) 或千兆字节(G) 来指定备份集的最大大小。恢复管理器会尽量将所有的备份集限制为指定的大小。 |
delete input | 在成功创建备份集后删除输入文件。仅当备份归档重做日志、数据文 件副本或备份集时才指定该选项。它相当于对所有输入文件执行 CHANGE . . . DELETE 命令。 |
include current controlfile | 创建当前控制文件的快照并将其放置在该子句生成的各备份集中。 |
| Format | 输出名称的格式。可以单独使用或组合使用格式参数。 |
| PLUS ARCHIVELOG | 连带ARCHIVELOG一起备份 |
COPIES integer | 多重备份，即备份集写多份。integer 取值(1-4),默认是1 |
下面演示一下skip、filesperset、maxsetsize、COPIES等用法
skip 跳过只读文件
SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE IDX READ ONLY; Tablespace altered. RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE SKIP READONLY; Starting backup at 2015/07/09 03:39:49 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1 device type=DISK skipping read-only file 6 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbf input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbf input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbf input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:39:49 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:41:45 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T033949_bstz45xk_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T033949 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:56 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current control file in backup set including current SPFILE in backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:41:46 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:41:47 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20150709T033949_bstz7toh_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T033949 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 2015/07/09 03:41:47
FILEPERSET 限制备份集最多包含文件个数。
RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE filesperset 2; Starting backup at 2015/07/09 03:45:11 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbf input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/idx01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:45:11 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:45:46 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T034511_bstzg7tn_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T034511 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbf input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:45:46 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:46:11 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T034511_bstzhc17_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T034511 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:26 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:46:12 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:46:27 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T034511_bstzj460_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T034511 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current control file in backup set including current SPFILE in backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:46:28 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:46:29 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20150709T034511_bstzjnbx_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T034511 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 2015/07/09 03:46:29
maxsetsize 设置备份集最大大
RMAN> backup database maxsetsize 200M; Starting backup at 2015/07/09 03:52:02 using channel ORA_DISK_1 RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-03002: failure of backup command at 07/09/2015 03:52:02 RMAN-06183: datafile or datafile copy /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbf (file number 1) larger than MAXSETSIZE
备份集的最大大小不能小于任意一个数据文件的大小。
RMAN> backup database maxsetsize 1G; Starting backup at 2015/07/09 03:58:47 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbf input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:58:48 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:59:23 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T035847_bsv07r5l_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T035847 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbf input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbf input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/idx01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:59:23 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:59:58 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T035847_bsv08vcs_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T035847 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current control file in backup set including current SPFILE in backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 03:59:59 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 04:00:00 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20150709T035847_bsv09zlm_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T035847 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 2015/07/09 04:00:00
SQL> select name,bytes/1024/1024||'MB' from v$datafile; NAME BYTES/1024/1024||'MB' -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbf 770MB /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbf 580MB /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbf 95MB /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbf 16.25MB /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf 345.625MB /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/idx01.dbf 10MB
COPIES
RMAN> backup copies 2 database format '/backup/full_%U'; Starting backup at 2015/07/09 04:06:29 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbf input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbf input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbf input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbf input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/idx01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 04:06:29 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 04:08:04 with 2 copies and tag TAG20150709T040629 piece handle=/backup/full_3bqbj5m5_1_1 comment=NONE piece handle=/backup/full_3bqbj5m5_1_2 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:35 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current control file in backup set including current SPFILE in backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 04:08:05 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 04:08:06 with 2 copies and tag TAG20150709T040629 piece handle=/backup/full_3cqbj5p4_1_1 comment=NONE piece handle=/backup/full_3cqbj5p4_1_2 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01 Finished backup at 2015/07/09 04:08:06
如果备份集放到默认的fast recovery area中，是不允许使用copies参数的
RMAN> backup copies 2 database; Starting backup at 2015/07/09 04:11:37 using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbf input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbf input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbf input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbf input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/idx01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 04:11:37 RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 07/09/2015 04:11:38 ORA-19806: cannot make duplex backups in recovery area continuing other job steps, job failed will not be re-run channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set including current control file in backup set including current SPFILE in backup set channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 04:11:39 RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS =============== RMAN-00571: =========================================================== RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 07/09/2015 04:11:40 ORA-19806: cannot make duplex backups in recovery area
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