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在ORACLE数据库中，RMAN备份的脚本非常多，下面介绍一例shell脚本如何通过RMAN备份，以及FTP上传RMAN备份文件以及归档日志文件的脚本。
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fullback.sh 里面调用RMAN命令做数据库备份，它使用的cmdfile为/home/oracle/backup/bin/fullback.rcv，同时在/home/oracle/backup/logs目录下生成日志文件。
1: [oracle@DB-Server bin]$ more fullback.sh
2:
3: #!/bin/bash
4:
5: export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
6:
7: export ORACLE_SID=gps
8:
9: ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
10:
11: TMP=/tmp; export TMP
12:
13: TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
14:
15: PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
16:
17: PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
18:
19: LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
20:
21: CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;
22:
23: export CLASSPATH
24:
25: TODAY=`date +%Y_%m_%d`
26:
27: rman nocatalog target / cmdfile /home/oracle/backup/bin/fullback.rcv log /home/oracle/backup/logs/fullbackup_$TODAY.log
28:
29: /home/oracle/backup/bin/ftpbackup.sh
30:
fullback.rcv文件非常简单， 如下所示：
1: [oracle@DB-Server bin]$ more /home/oracle/backup/bin/fullback.rcv
2:
3: run{
4:
5: allocate channel c4 type disk;
6:
7: backup as compressed backupset
8:
9: skip inaccessible
10:
11: tag fullbackupwitharchivelog
12:
13: (database);
14:
15: backup current controlfile;
16:
17: backup spfile;
18:
19: sql "alter system archive log current";
20:
21: delete noprompt obsolete;
22:
23: release channel c4;
24:
25: }
26:
RMAN生成的备份文件，需要通过FTP上传到FTP服务器，一则数据库服务器没有这么多空间存储多天的备份，二则是出于容灾、数据安全需要。
下面脚本中FTP服务器，用户名密码均使用xxx替代，在实际环境中，使用具体的信息替代即可。
1: [oracle@DB-Server bin]$ more ftpbackup.sh
2:
3: #!/bin/sh、
4:
5: rm -f /home/oracle/.netrc
6:
7: date_yesterday=`date -d'yesterday' +%Y_%m_%d`
8:
9: date_today=`date +%Y_%m_%d`
10:
11: echo "default login xxxx password xxxxxx" /home/oracle/.netrc
12:
13: echo "macdef init" /home/oracle/.netrc
14:
15: echo "binary" /home/oracle/.netrc
16:
17: echo "cd archivelog" /home/oracle/.netrc
18:
19: echo "mkdir $date_yesterday" /home/oracle/.netrc
20:
21: echo "cd $date_yesterday" /home/oracle/.netrc
22:
23: echo "lcd /u04/flash_recovery_area/gps/archivelog/$date_yesterday" /home/oracle/.netrc
24:
25: echo "mput *" /home/oracle/.netrc
26:
27: echo "cd .." /home/oracle/.netrc
28:
29: echo "mkdir $date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
30:
31: echo "cd $date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
32:
33: echo "lcd /u04/flash_recovery_area/gps/archivelog/$date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
34:
35: echo "mput * "/home/oracle/.netrc
36:
37: echo "cd .." /home/oracle/.netrc
38:
39: echo "cd ../backupset" /home/oracle/.netrc
40:
41: echo "mkdir $date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
42:
43: echo "cd $date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
44:
45: echo "lcd /u04/flash_recovery_area/gps/backupset/$date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
46:
47: echo "mput *" /home/oracle/.netrc
48:
49: echo "cd .." /home/oracle/.netrc
50:
51: echo "cd ../autobackup" /home/oracle/.netrc
52:
53: echo "mkdir $date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
54:
55: echo "cd $date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
56:
57: echo "lcd /u04/flash_recovery_area/gps/autobackup/$date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
58:
59: echo "mput *" /home/oracle/.netrc
60:
61: echo "quit" /home/oracle/.netrc
62:
63: echo "" /home/oracle/.netrc
64:
65: chmod 600 /home/oracle/.netrc
66:
67: ftp -i -v xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 8021 /home/oracle/backup/logs/ftp$date_today.log 21
68:
另外，关于归档日志也需要每隔2小时上传一次到FTP服务器，2小时上传一次归档日志的shell脚本如下所示：
1: [oracle@DB-Server bin]$ more ftp2hours.sh
2:
3: #!/bin/sh
4:
5: rm -f /home/oracle/.netrc
6:
7: date_yesterday=`date -d'yesterday' +%Y_%m_%d`
8:
9: date_today=`date +%Y_%m_%d`
10:
11: echo "default login xxxx password xxxx" /home/oracle/.netrc
12:
13: echo "macdef init" /home/oracle/.netrc
14:
15: echo "binary" /home/oracle/.netrc
16:
17: echo "cd archivelog" /home/oracle/.netrc
18:
19: echo "mkdir $date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
20:
21: echo "cd $date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
22:
23: echo "lcd /u04/flash_recovery_area/gps/archivelog/$date_today" /home/oracle/.netrc
24:
25: echo "mput * "/home/oracle/.netrc
26:
27: echo "quit" /home/oracle/.netrc
28:
29: echo "" /home/oracle/.netrc
30:
31: chmod 600 /home/oracle/.netrc
32:
33: ftp -i -v xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 8021 /home/oracle/backup/logs/ftp2hours.$date_today.log 21
34:
最后需要将RMAN备份生成的日志文件，以及FTP上传备份文件以及归档日志的记录通过邮件形式发送给DBA或系统管理员，
1: [oracle@DB-Server bin]$ more chkbackandmail.sh
2: #!/bin/bash
3: rm -f /home/oracle/backup/bin/sendmail.pl
4: date_today=`date +%Y_%m_%d`
5: subject="Oracle Backup Alert Service on $date_today"
6: content="Dear colleagues,
7:
8: Attached please find the logs of xxx(xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) oracle database backup and transfer to FTP Server(xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx), please
9: review the file and check whether the backup succeeded or not,and double check all backups have been dumped to tape, many tha
10: nks
11:
12:
13:
14:
15: Best regards
16: Oracle Alert Services
17:
18: "
19: file="/home/oracle/backup/logs/fullbackup_$date_today.log,/home/oracle/backup/logs/ftp$date_today.log"
20: echo "#!/usr/bin/perl" /home/oracle/backup/bin/sendmail.pl
21: echo "use Mail::Sender;" /home/oracle/backup/bin/sendmail.pl
22: echo "\$sender = new Mail::Sender {smtp = 'xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx', from = 'xxxx@xxx.com'}; " /home/oracle/backup/bin/sendmai
23: l.pl
24: echo "\$sender-MailFile({to = 'xxx@esquel.com'," /home/oracle/backup/bin/sendmail.pl
25: echo "cc='xxx@xxx.com,xxx@xxx.com,xxx@xxx.com'," /home/oracle/backup/b
26: in/sendmail.pl
27: echo "subject = '$subject'," /home/oracle/backup/bin/sendmail.pl
28: echo "msg = '$content'," /home/oracle/backup/bin/sendmail.pl
29: echo "file = '$file'});" /home/oracle/backup/bin/sendmail.pl
30: perl /home/oracle/backup/bin/sendmail.pl
最后在Crontab 作业里面配置调用这些shell脚本。例如如下所示，在1：01分执行fullback.sh ，每隔两个小时（例如0:50、2:50...)执行一次ftp2hours.sh, 在每天早上8:40执行chkbackandmail.sh 发送fullback.sh 以及ftp2hour.sh的执行日志记录。
exp system/oracle@orcl buffer=1024 file=/home/oracle/backup/orcl.dmp full=y
exp test/test@orcl file=/home/oracle/backup/test.dmp owner=test
exp test/test@orcl file=/home/oracle/backup/student.dmp tables=(student,teacher)
exp 用户名/密码@远程的IP:端口/实例 file=存放的位置:\文件名称.dmp full=y
log=xx
imp demo/demo@orcl file=d:\back.dmp full=y ignore=y log=D:\implog.txt
imp test/test@orcl file=/home/oracle/backup/test.dmp
imp demo/demo@orcl file=d:\backup2.dmp tables=(teachers,students)
imp 用户名/密码@远程的IP:端口/实例 file=存放的位置\文件名称.dmp full=y
vi /home/oracle/fullbackup.sh
sysname='centos7'
syspath=/home/oracle/backup
v_date=$(date '+%Y%m%d%H%M%S')
logfile= {v_date}.log
echo backup_time {logfile}
echo "backup jcd" {logfile}
date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' syspath/orcl${v_date}.dmp
exp system/oracle@orcl file= {logfile}
echo "end_time" {logfile}
gzip ${filename}
0 2 * * * sh /home/oracle/fullbackup.sh
Oracle数据库中rman备份脚本非常实用
查询字符集
SQL select * from nls_database_parameters;
NLS_CHARACTERSET
AL32UTF8
备份时字符集很重要，不然会出乱码
一、0级备份（全备）红色是要修改的，根据个人的存放位置。
[oracle@oracle122 script]$ cat db_bak0.rman
run
{
configure retention policy to recovery window of 8 days;
configure controlfile autobackup on;
configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/home/oracle/rmanbak/%F';
allocate channel ch1 device type disk format '/home/oracle/rmanbak/inc0_%d_%s_%p_%u_%T';
backup incremental level 0 tag='level 0' database skip inaccessible filesperset 10 plus archivelog filesperset 20;
release channel ch1;
}
allocate channel for maintenance device type disk;
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
delete noprompt archivelog until time 'sysdate-30';
0级运行脚本
[oracle@oracle122 script]$ cat exec_0_level.sh
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle122; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
export DATE=$(date +%Y_%m_%d)
export NLS_LANG="Simplified Chinese_china".AL32UTF8
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/rman target sys/sys_admin cmdfile /home/oracle/rmanbak/script/db_bak0.rman log /home/oracle/rmanbak/script/log/rman_$DATE.log append
二、1级备份（增量）
[oracle@oracle122 script]$ cat db_bak1.rman
run
{
configure retention policy to recovery window of 8 days;
configure controlfile autobackup on;
configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/home/oracle/rmanbak/%F';
allocate channel ch1 device type disk format '/home/oracle/rmanbak/inc1_%d_%s_%p_%u_%T';
backup incremental level 1 tag='level 1' database skip inaccessible filesperset 10 plus archivelog filesperset 20;
release channel ch1;
}
allocate channel for maintenance device type disk;
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
delete noprompt archivelog until time 'sysdate-30';
1级运行脚本
[oracle@oracle122 script]$ cat exec_1_level.sh
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle122; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
export DATE=$(date +%Y_%m_%d)
export NLS_LANG="Simplified Chinese_china".AL32UTF8
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/rman target sys/sys_admin cmdfile /home/oracle/rmanbak/script/db_bak1.rman log /home/oracle/rmanbak/script/log/rman_$DATE.log append
三、2级备份（从0级追加到现在的备份）
[oracle@oracle122 script]$ cat db_bak2.rman
run
{
configure retention policy to recovery window of 8 days;
configure controlfile autobackup on;
configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '/home/oracle/rmanbak/%F';
allocate channel ch1 device type disk format '/home/oracle/rmanbak/inc2_%d_%s_%p_%u_%T';
backup incremental level 2 tag='level 2' database skip inaccessible filesperset 10 plus archivelog filesperset 20 delete all input;
release channel ch1;
}
allocate channel for maintenance device type disk;
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
2级运行脚本
[oracle@oracle122 script]$ cat exec_2_level.sh
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle122; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
export DATE=$(date +%Y_%m_%d)
export NLS_LANG="Simplified Chinese_china".AL32UTF8
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/rman target sys/sys_admin cmdfile /home/oracle/rmanbak/script/db_bak2.rman log /home/oracle/rmanbak/script/log/rman_$DATE.log append
定时备份星期天为0级全备，星期三为2级备份，星期一，星期二，星期四，星期五，星期六为1级增量备份晚上11点开始备份
[oracle@oracle122 script]$ crontab -l
* 23 * * 0 /home/oracle/rmanbak/script/exec_0_level.sh
* 23 * * 1 /home/oracle/rmanbak/script/exec_1_level.sh
* 23 * * 2 /home/oracle/rmanbak/script/exec_1_level.sh
* 23 * * 3 /home/oracle/rmanbak/script/exec_2_level.sh
* 23 * * 4 /home/oracle/rmanbak/script/exec_1_level.sh
* 23 * * 5 /home/oracle/rmanbak/script/exec_1_level.sh
* 23 * * 6 /home/oracle/rmanbak/script/exec_1_level.sh
没必要用root权限执行，oracle用户同样可以执行crontab计划任务
1、su - oracle
crontab -e
0 4 * * 0 /home/oracle/exp.sh 21 /home/oracle/script_exp.log;
0～59 表示分
0～23 表示小时
1～31 表示日
1～12 表示月份
0～6 表示星期（其中0表示星期日）
2、cat /home/oracle/exp.sh
. ~/.bash_profile
bakdir=/opt/dbbak
logdir=/home/oracle/dbbak
rq=$(date +%Y%m%d)
exp system/***** owner=jysh file=${bakdir}/jysh_${rq}.dmp log=${logdir}/jysh_${rq}.log;
find ${bakdir} -type f -mtime +30 -exec rm -rf {} \;
Oracle自动备份的三种方法：\x0d\x0aOracle自动备份数据库不外乎以下三种方式：\x0d\x0aWINDOWS下的任务计划(At命令)\x0d\x0aUNIX下的Crontab \x0d\x0a第三方工具如Viritas\x0d\x0a在以上三种方式中Viritas属于第三方工具，很多人可能都没有接触，主要说一下windows的任务计划与unix的cron\x0d\x0a1、生成脚本文件，如backup.rcv 假定文件内容如下：\x0d\x0a$cat backup.rcv connect target sys/password rcvcat rman/rman@localname; run{ allocate channel c1 type disk; allocate channel c2 type disk; allocate channel c3 type disk; backup fileaperset 3 format ‘/u01/oradata/backup/arch%u_%s_%p’ archivelog all delete input; release channel c1; release channel c2; release channel c3; }\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a2、生成执行文件在windows上生成backup_archive.bat，内容包括rman cmdfile = backup.rcv 在unix下生成 backup_archive.sh，内容包括oracle/ramn/rman cmdfile = backup.rcv\x0d\x0a3、加入调度在windows中用任务计划向导即可，或使用at命令。在unix中，在目标机器上编写一个文件，用以启动Oracle自动备份进程。假定文件名为ORACLE，文件将放在/var/spool/cron/crontabs目录下\x0d\x0a$cat oracle \x0d\x0a0 23 * * 0 backup_archive.sh \x0d\x0a#表示星期天23点对数据库备份 \x0d\x0a0 12,18 * * * backup_archive.sh \x0d\x0a #表示每天12点，18点备份 \x0d\x0aCrontab文件的每一行由六个域(minutes,hours,day of month,month,day of week,command)组成，域之间用空格或Tab分隔开来。