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下文内容主要给大家带来安装MySQL-5.5.49流程及配置多实例，所讲到的知识，与书籍略有不同，都是创新互联专业技术人员在与用户接触过程中，总结出来的，具有一定的经验分享价值，希望给广大读者带来帮助。
安装MySQL-5.5.49
安装包的获取：http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/
# 安装MySQL需要的依赖包 yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel -y rpm -qa ncurses-devel libaio-devel # 安装编译MySQL需要的软件 yum install cmake -y rpm -qa cmake # 创建用户 useradd mysql -u 777 -s /sbin/nologin -M id mysql
上传MySQL包，解压
mkdir -p /home/oldboy/tools cd /home/oldboy/tools rz -y #mysql-5.5.49.tar.gz ll -sh tar xf mysql-5.5.49.tar.gz cd mysql-5.5.49编译安装
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.5.49 \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.5.49/data \ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.5.49/tmp/mysql.sock \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii \ -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 \ -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \ -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \ -DWITH_READLINE=1 \ -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \ -DWITH_DEBUG=0 make && make install && echo $? cd ..创建软链接
ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.49/ /application/mysql配置多实例
创建数据库文件目录，配置文件
mkdir -p /data/{3306,3307}/data touch /data/{3306,3307}/{mysql,my.cnf}tree /data/ /data/ ├── 3306#<==实例3306 │ ├── data#<==3306数据库文件目录 │ ├── my.cnf#<==3306配置文件 │ └── mysql#<==3306启动脚本 └── 3307#<==实例3307 ├── data#<==3307数据库文件目录 ├── my.cnf#<==3307配置文件 └── mysql#<==3307启动脚本实例3306配置文件
vim /data/3306/my.cnf [client] port = 3306 socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock [mysql] no-auto-rehash [mysqld] user = mysql port = 3306 socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock basedir = /application/mysql datadir = /data/3306/data open_files_limit = 1024 back_log = 600 max_connections = 800 max_connect_errors = 3000 table_cache = 614 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet =8M sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M thread_cache_size = 100 thread_concurrency = 2 query_cache_size = 2M query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k #default_table_type = InnoDB thread_stack = 192K #transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 2M long_query_time = 1 #log_long_format #log-error = /data/3306/error.log #log-slow-queries = /data/3306/slow.log pid-file = /data/3306/mysql.pid log-bin = /data/3306/mysql-bin relay-log = /data/3306/relay-bin relay-log-info-file = /data/3306/relay-log.info binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_size = 2M expire_logs_days = 7 key_buffer_size = 16M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_repair_threads = 1 #myisam_recover lower_case_table_names = 1 skip-name-resolve slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062 replicate-ignore-db=mysql server-id = 1 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M innodb_log_file_size = 4M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_file_per_table = 0 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 2M [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data/3306/mysql_oldboy3306.err pid-file=/data/3306/mysqld.pid实例3307配置文件
vim /data/3307/my.cnf [client] port = 3307 socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock [mysql] no-auto-rehash [mysqld] user = mysql port = 3307 socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock basedir = /application/mysql datadir = /data/3307/data open_files_limit = 1024 back_log = 600 max_connections = 800 max_connect_errors = 3000 table_cache = 614 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet =8M sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M thread_cache_size = 100 thread_concurrency = 2 query_cache_size = 2M query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k #default_table_type = InnoDB thread_stack = 192K #transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 2M #long_query_time = 1 #log_long_format #log-error = /data/3307/error.log #log-slow-queries = /data/3307/slow.log pid-file = /data/3307/mysql.pid #log-bin = /data/3307/mysql-bin relay-log = /data/3307/relay-bin relay-log-info-file = /data/3307/relay-log.info binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_size = 2M expire_logs_days = 7 key_buffer_size = 16M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_repair_threads = 1 #myisam_recover lower_case_table_names = 1 skip-name-resolve slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062 replicate-ignore-db=mysql server-id = 3 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M innodb_log_file_size = 4M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_file_per_table = 0 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 2M [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data/3307/mysql_oldboy3307.err pid-file=/data/3307/mysqld.pid实例3306启动脚本
vim /data/3306/mysql #!/bin/sh ################################################ #this scripts is created by oldboy at 2007-06-09 #oldboy QQ:31333741 #site:http://www.etiantian.org #blog:http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com #oldboy trainning QQ group: 208160987 226199307 44246017 ################################################ #init port=3306 mysql_user="root" mysql_pwd="oldboy" CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin" mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock" #startup function function_start_mysql() { if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then printf "Starting MySQL...\n" /bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null & else printf "MySQL is running...\n" exit fi } #stop function function_stop_mysql() { if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then printf "MySQL is stopped...\n" exit else printf "Stoping MySQL...\n" ${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown fi } #restart function function_restart_mysql() { printf "Restarting MySQL...\n" function_stop_mysql sleep 2 function_start_mysql } case $1 in start) function_start_mysql ;; stop) function_stop_mysql ;; restart) function_restart_mysql ;; *) printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n" esac实例3307启动脚本
vim /data/3307/mysql #!/bin/sh ################################################ #this scripts is created by oldboy at 2007-06-09 #oldboy QQ:31333741 #site:http://www.etiantian.org #blog:http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com #oldboy trainning QQ group: 208160987 226199307 44246017 ################################################ #init port=3307 mysql_user="root" mysql_pwd="oldboy" CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin" mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock" #startup function function_start_mysql() { if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then printf "Starting MySQL...\n" /bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null & else printf "MySQL is running...\n" exit fi } #stop function function_stop_mysql() { if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then printf "MySQL is stopped...\n" exit else printf "Stoping MySQL...\n" ${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown fi } #restart function function_restart_mysql() { printf "Restarting MySQL...\n" function_stop_mysql sleep 2 function_start_mysql } case $1 in start) function_start_mysql ;; stop) function_stop_mysql ;; restart) function_restart_mysql ;; *) printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n" esac修改启动脚本的权限
find /data -type f -name "mysql"|xargs chmod 700授权mysql用户管理/data目录
chown -R mysql.mysql /data初使化数据库
cd /application/mysql/scripts/ ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/data/ ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data/启动多实例，加入开机自启动
/data/3306/mysql start /data/3307/mysql start netstat -tunlp |grep 330# echo命令的 -e参数处理特殊字符；\n 换行且光标移至行首 echo -e "\n##mysql multi instance\n/data/3306/mysql start\n/data/3307/mysql start">>/etc/rc.localtail -3 /etc/rc.local ##mysql multi instance /data/3306/mysql start /data/3307/mysql start设置环境变量
方法一：将mysql的相关命令放入到已经是环境变量的目录下（推荐！！）
cp /application/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/bin/方法二
export PATH=/application/mysql-5.5.49/bin/:$PATH echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql-5.5.49/bin/:$PATH' >>/etc/profile tail -1 /etc/profile source /etc/profile echo $PATH登录与退出多实例
多实例的登录(无密码)
mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock退出登录（4种）
mysql> exit mysql> quit mysql> Ctrl + c mysql> Ctrl + d设置密码
mysqladmin -uroot password 'oldboy123' -S /data/3306/mysql.sock mysqladmin -uroot password 'oldboy123' -S /data/3307/mysql.sock更改密码为：oldboy456
mysqladmin -uroot -poldboy123 password 'oldboy456' -S /data/3306/mysql.sock多实例的登录(有密码)
mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock再加一个实例3308
mkdir /data/3308/data -p cp /data/3306/{my.cnf,mysql} /data/3308/ sed -i 's#3306#3308#g' /data/3308/{my.cnf,mysql} sed -i 's#server-id = 1#server-id = 8#g' /data/3308/my.cnf chown -R mysql.mysql /data/3308 chmod 700 /data/3308/mysql cd /application/mysql-5.5.49/scripts/ ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data/ /data/3308/mysql start echo "/data/3308/mysql start" >>/etc/rc.local netstat -tunpl |grep 330 mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock mysqladmin -uroot password 'oldboy123' -S /data/3308/mysql.sock mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3308/mysql.sockMySQL多实例优化
清理无用的MySQL库（3306）
mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock drop database test; show databases;清理无用的MySQL用户
select user,host from mysql.user; drop user "root"@"::1"; drop user " "@"db02"; drop user "root"@"db02"; drop user " "@"localhost";故障：drop命令删除不了用户
可能是大写及Linux主机名导致的，注意：删除用户尽量用drop命令，不要用delete命令
解决方法如下：
delete from mysql.user where user='' and host='S1'; delete from mysql.user where user='root' and host='S1';刷新权限
刷新权限，使更改立马生效
flush privileges;对于以上关于安装MySQL-5.5.49流程及配置多实例，如果大家还有更多需要了解的可以持续关注我们创新互联的行业推新，如需获取专业解答，可在官网联系售前售后的，希望该文章可给大家带来一定的知识更新。
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