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mysql怎么禁止约束 mysql怎么设置约束

mysql数据库里,怎样设置:空值禁止写入?

你的这个空只能通过php程序判断了,数据库只能是null 和not null 如果插入空字符串是可以的,所以通过php程序判断吧

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MYSQL如何撤销check约束? 不要W3C里面的 ALTER TABLE Persons DROP CONSTRAINT chk_Person

对于非unique索引和外键可以可以设置禁用,其他的,暂时还没发现。

想要禁用非unique索引的话可以用:ALTER TABLE ... DISABLE KEYS,这个语句需要是MyISAM的表才行。

想要禁用外键的话可以用类似下面的语句:

mysql SET foreign_key_checks = 0;

mysql SOURCE dump_file_name;

mysql SET foreign_key_checks = 1;

详细的说明,可以参考mysql文档,这里贴两段摘自MySql 5.6版的英文说明,帮助理解。

If you use ALTER TABLE on a MyISAM table, all nonunique indexes are created in a separate batch (as for REPAIR TABLE). This should make ALTER TABLE much faster when you have many indexes.This feature can be activated explicitly for a MyISAM table. ALTER TABLE ... DISABLE KEYS tells MySQL to stop updating nonunique indexes. ALTER TABLE ... ENABLE KEYS then should be used to re-create missing indexes. MySQL does this with a special algorithm that is much faster than inserting keys one by one, so disabling keys before performing bulk insert operations should give a considerable speedup. Using ALTER TABLE ... DISABLE KEYS requires the INDEX privilege in addition to the privileges mentioned earlier.While the nonunique indexes are disabled, they are ignored for statements such as

SELECT and EXPLAIN that otherwise would use them.

To make it easier to reload dump files for tables that have foreign key relationships,

mysqldump automatically includes a statement in the dump output to set

foreign_key_checks to 0. This avoids problems with tables having to be reloaded in a particular order when the dump is reloaded. It is also possible to set this variable manually:mysql SET foreign_key_checks = 0;

mysql SOURCE dump_file_name;

mysql SET foreign_key_checks = 1;

This enables you to import the tables in any order if the dump file contains tables that are not correctly ordered for foreign keys. It also speeds up the import operation. Setting

foreign_key_checks to 0 can also be useful for ignoring foreign key constraints during LOAD DATA and ALTER TABLE operations. However, even ifforeign_key_checks = 0

, InnoDB does not permit the creation of a foreign key constraint where a column references a nonmatching column type. Also, if an InnoDB table has foreign key constraints,

ALTER TABLE cannot be used to change the table to use another storage engine. To alter the storage engine, drop any foreign key constraints first.

MySQL 如何删除有外键约束的表数据

在MySQL中删除一张表或一条数据的时候,出现

[Err] 1451 -Cannot deleteorupdatea parent row:

aforeignkeyconstraintfails (...)

这是因为MySQL中设置了foreign key关联,造成无法更新或删除数据。可以通过设置FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS变量来避免这种情况。

禁用外键约束,我们可以使用:

SETFOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;

然后再删除数据

启动外键约束,我们可以使用:

SETFOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=1;

查看当前FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS的值,可用如下命令:

SELECT @@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS;

MySQL 关于去除约束的问题

现在要说的是在列这一层次过滤的基于表定义之前就规范好的 CHECK 约束。(MySQL 版本 = 8.0.16)

mysql create table f1 (r1 int constraint tb_f1_r1_chk1 check (mod(r1,3)=0));

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql create table f2 (r1 int constraint tb_f2_r1_chk1 check (mod(r1,3)=0) not enforced);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

这里 CHECK 约束的相关限制如下:

1. constraint 名字在每个数据库中唯一。

也就是说单个数据库里不存在相同的两个 constraint,如果不定义,系统自动生成一个唯一的约束名字。

2. check 约束针对语句 insert/update/replace/load data/load xml 生效;针对对应的 ignore 语句失效。

3. 并非每个函数都可以使用,比如函数结果不确定的:NOW(),CONNECTION_ID(),CURRENT_USER()。

4. 不适用于存储过程和存储函数。

5. 系统变量不适用。

6. 子查询不适用。

7. 外键动作(比如 ON UPDATE, ON DELETE) 不适用。

8. enforced 默认启用,如果单独加上 not enforced ,check 约束失效。


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